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How casinos are certified by RNG and RTP
RNG certification and RTP verification turn promises of "fair play" into verifiable facts. Independent laboratories evaluate the generator algorithm, implementation in the code, the seeding/reside process, mapping numbers to game outcomes, as well as the mathematical model of the slot and its actual return (RTP). The result is certificates for specific versions of the engine and games with which the operator has the right to enter regulated markets.
1) Who certifies and what exactly
Who: accredited laboratories and testing centers (e.g. GLI, BMM, eCOGRA, iTech Labs, SIQ, etc.) recognized by regulators.
What is checked:- RNG: algorithm/DRBG, sources of entropy, seeding/reside policy, no bias and predictivity.
- RNG mapping → outcomes: correct scaling without modulo-bias (rejection sampling), compliance with pay tables and reel tapes.
- RTP: compliance of the declared return with the game model on long simulations with confidence intervals.
- Processes: version control, code-signing, immutable logs, DevSecOps gates, role separation, storage of/seed keys.
2) Preparation for certification
Artifacts for transmission: binaries and/or source code (within the "white/black box"), RNG/sowing descriptions, pay tables and tapes, RTP/volatility parameters, environmental specifications, build hashes.
Test environment: a stand with a configuration identical to the production (compiler, flags, library versions).
Policies and procedures: KDF/resid, HSM/secret access rules, release logging, CAPA plan in case of inconsistencies.
3) How the RNG check goes
1. Algorithm and implementation review: period/state, prediction resistance, call API correctness.
2. Culture/entropy check: sources (HWRNG, system pools, timings), frequency of reside, storage of key material.
3. Statistical batteries of tests: frequency/serial tests, runs, autocorrelation, spectral analysis, χ ² by baskets; Layer NIST/Dieharder/TestU01 packets.
4. Mapping: confirmation of the use of rejection sampling or equivalent techniques to eliminate modulo-bias.
5. Documentation: test protocols, sample size, p-values, boundaries of trust, final conclusion.
4) How RTP is checked
4. 1 Mathematical model
Check pay tables, tapes, bonus trigger probabilities, multipliers, bet limiters.
Analytical evaluation of expected returns and variance.
4. 2 Long simulations
Run tens/hundreds of millions of spins to estimate empirical RTP and distribution characteristics (including rare events).
Comparison of empirics with model in confidence intervals; fixation of simulator parameters (seed, build version).
4. 3 Binding to version
The final certificate indicates the exact version of the game (hashes, build date). Any patch → checking the impact on RTP and, if necessary, recalculation/recertification.
5) Environment and version control (DevSecOps)
Code-signing/attenstation: assembling and dumping only signed artifacts.
Irreplaceable logs (WORM): who/when released, what RNG parameters, what game config.
SBOM/version register: binary hashes, compiler versions, dependencies.
Role separation: minimum rights, 4-eyes for RTP/tape releases and switches.
Change policy: Any edits affecting RNG/RTP/tapes/mapping are translated through certification gates.
6) What does the laboratory give out
RNG Certificate (if held separately) and/or version specific game certificates.
Test report: methodology, results, deviation limits, comments on non-conformities.
RTP simulation protocol: run volumes, RNG parameters, confidence intervals.
CAPA plan: list of corrective actions with deadlines; confirmation of completion - for the final certificate.
7) Post-certification control by the operator
Version match monitoring: The lobby/certificate/game rules show the same RTP and build number.
Chenglogi: A Public History of Change; explicit marks if the update does not affect mathematics.
Anomalies: alerts in frequency of rare events, bursts of variance, differences in empirical RTP on large samples.
Periodic re-test: according to the regulator/lab schedule or during platform updates.
8) When recertification is needed
Change in RNG/culture/reside or cryptobibliotec.
Any editing of tapes/paytable, RTP/volatility parameters, bonus logic.
Moving the environment (other OS, compiler, hardware platform) - at least regression tests.
Incidents/complaints indicating possible game parameter drift.
9) Server vs Client RNG
The market standard is server-side RNG at the provider/operator: centralized seed protection in HSM, easier auditing and logging.
The client RNG (on the device) is hardly used in slots due to the difficulties of the trusted environment and verification.
10) Checklists
For operator/provider
Is there a single version register (SBOM, hashes, signatures)?
Do releases pass through certification gates (RNG/RTP/tapes)?
Is rejection sampling included in RNG mapping → indexes?
Are WORM logs and alerts configured for RTP anomalies?
Is the reside and key storage policy described in HSM?
For player/partner
Is the lab and certificate ID for the game/version listed?
Does RTP match in rules, lobby and certificate?
Are there public changelogs and update dates?
Are there no "quiet" patches after which the behavior of the game changes?
11) Frequent misconceptions
"License = Certificate" is not. The license defines the frame, the certificate confirms the implementation.
"You can reduce RTP for the duration of the action" - a change in mathematics requires re-assessment and, as a rule, recertification.
"Mod N is enough" - gives displacement at non-multiple ranges; more correctly - rejection.
"Once certified - and forgotten" - updates, migrations and incidents require re-test.
12) FAQ
How many spins do you need to confirm RTP?
Usually tens/hundreds of millions - to see rare events and narrow confidence intervals.
Why are certificates bound to a version?
Any patch/build can affect statistics and security, so a specific build is checked.
Can only simulations be run without RNG audit?
Not enough: correct RTP is impossible without a proven random and unmanipulated RNG.
RNG and RTP certification is a complex: algorithm + implementation + processes. Casinos and providers undergo code and environment reviews, statistical batteries of tests, huge simulations, and then retain quality through DevSecOps and post-market monitoring. Where this chain is built, the game remains predictably honest, and the brand gains the trust of regulators, payment partners and players.